We are born with 100 billion nerve cells called neurons. Each neuron has thousands of dendrites which receive chemical-electrical messages from other neurons' axons across the synapses.
Above is a picture of a dendrite, which means "tree-like."
Like twigs on a tree that can only grow from a twig or branch that is already there, dendrites can only grow from a dendrite that is already there - from something the learner already knows. Then, like twigs growing on a tree, learning is constructed, and skills and understanding increase.
The diagram above is of a neuron with all its connecting parts.
Learning best occurs in a secure, relaxed environment. The above diagram shows that neurotransmitters move across a synapse in order to connect dendrites. When learners are frightened or stressed, certain chemicals flow into the synapes to shut them down. People often mistakenly believe they have poor thinking skills, but it's their emotions that sabotage them. When learners feel relaxed and confident, different chemicals flow into the synapses that make them work quickly and well. This points to the importance of creating a home, school, or study environment that is void of external stressors. Otherwise our brains work in a state of protection or status quo as opposed to progress and development.
As we learn (experience, practice, process) dendrites grow together to form larger and more complex neural networks. As dendrites connect, we begin to connect thoughts and concepts for broader understanding. These networks are what we know. The more we grow; the more we know.
Now view the video clip below to get a better idea of how neurons and neuro-transmitters function.
